Five years of drought animated

This map is just colors, but for some people it represents five years of sweat and tears. During this time fortunes were lost, herds and crops were lost, family ranches were lost. It is estimated that over 25 % of all the trees in Texas died during this drought. See what five years of drought looks like in 15 seconds.

(This is a fairly large image, so it may take a moment to fully load.)

Five years of drought animated

Five years of drought animated

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Goldilocks wouldn’t like Texas

What a difference a week made for some places in Texas! Parts of Texas experienced massive flooding which resulted in deaths, bridges lost, and at least one dam failure. Many reservoirs experienced dramatic changes in water level, with some becoming full nearly overnight. Possum Kingdom is full and was releasing water into the Brazos, and evacuations are occurring downstream. For the first time since June 2010, the USDA Drought Monitor does not show any severe drought in Texas (and it should be noted that time in 2010 without severe drought lasted only six months.) We have been free of severe drought only 26 months spread out over the last 11 years, and completely free of drought only three months during that same period.

Despite all of this rain and despite the drought relief, for many Texans, it is the same story as last week: The ground is damp, but the lakes are dry. Here is an updated map comparing the new drought index with current lake levels:

The largest red circles represent lakes that are below 25% of capacity, the medium dots are lakes that are between 25 and 50% full, and the smallest dots are lakes which are between 40 and 75%.

A comparison between the USDA Drought Index and Texas Lake Levels.

A comparison between the USDA Drought Index and Texas Lake Levels.

As you can see, while those along the Brazos are wet, people along the upper reaches of the Colorado River are still dry, even if the drought index has shrunken. With another month of spring left, hopefully things will continue to change for those of us in the dry areas; however, in this area the el niño effect often wanes during the summer before returning during winter. In other words, we may have a wet summer in the western portion of the state, or we may not.

Here is a comparison of May rainfall totals for a few select stations across the drought area. For ease of data collection these are mostly airport locations, so the totals may vary slightly from nearby cities. Notice that other than a few large outliers (Austin at nearly 17 inches of rain for example) that some of the dry areas aren’t that far behind some of the wetter areas. This goes back to my previous post about watersheds: it takes rain in a certain area to influence lake levels.

Rainfall totals so far this May (inches).

Rainfall totals so far this May (inches).

Certainly, we are better off today than we were this time last year, but now is not the time to abandon water conservation. In terms of water it seems the state has very few places that Goldilocks would consider just right.

Next week I begin a three part series on how one city in Texas obtains its drinking water. If you enjoyed this post, please surf over to the Instante Mense facebook page and like it.

What does it take to fill up a lake?

UPDATE: After reading this post to find out why it seems the lake rises so slowly, check out this post where I discuss the recent rain.

Most of Texas has been in exceptional and extreme drought for the past five years. Now due to  el niño, we are finishing spring with cool, wet weather. For the first time in what seems like forever much of Texas is officially drought-free. In fact, some areas are experiencing severe flooding; however, that is not the complete story. What I would like to do today is discuss the flooding and drought issues here in Texas on a watershed level.

Despite these floods and despite the fact that overall Texas reservoirs are 78% full, many lakes are at less than 50% of capacity. People living in the Rolling Plains and Edwards Plateau ecoregions of Texas are still experiencing drought conditions. I built this map below to give an idea of the land area in Texas suffering from drought conditions and to show the number of lakes that are less than half full.

drought_d

In the areas still in drought above live approximately 3.5 million people and all of the lakes shown are water sources for these people. There are other water sources, some lakes which have received some water, and other areas depend upon aquifers (a nonrenewable source), but these empty lakes remain important.

What does it take to fill up a lake?

When it rains, the water does several things. On pervious surfaces, such as lawns and fields, it soaks into the ground to provide soil moisture needed for plants. If the rate of precipitation is greater than what can be absorbed, or if the rain lands on hard surfaces, it begins to run off. Take a parking lot for example: rain runs off of the parking lot into a drainage ditch (or storm sewer), the ditch runs into a gully, that gully runs into a creek, that creek runs into a river, and that river may run into a lake before it ends at the ocean. Cities will then pump water from the lake, treat it, and then citizens will use that water in their houses.

Every lake has a certain area from which it will collect water. This area is called a watershed. Since most of my readers are from the Abilene area, I will use Lake Fort Phantom as an example. This lake is currently at 37% capacity. The watershed of Fort Phantom is approximately 500 square miles. If this entire area were to receive a 1 inch rain and if it were all run into the lake, it would receive 8.66 BILLION gallons of water! That is enough water to last 26,600 families for a year. This also happens to be roughly the amount of water in Lake Fort Phantom right now, and there are 10 times as many people depending upon that water.

Using the example above it would take 2.6 inches of rain over the entire watershed to completely fill up Lake Fort Phantom. Recently much of the Big Country has received lots of rain; the nearby town of Merkel has received 11 inches of rain in the last six weeks, but as I mentioned above, Lake Fort Phantom is only 37% full.

So, where did the water go?

Examine this map I made of the Fort Phantom watershed:

Phantomshed

The rain has to fall into the red shaded area in order to reach the lake. While the lake has 500 square miles to draw from, in reality that is not a lot of area. Merkel may have received a lot of rain, but that water will end up in the Brazos river and not Lake Fort Phantom. Another issue is that not all the rain that falls in the watershed actually ends up in the lake. As I mentioned before, some water is absorbed, but a sustainable amount of water is also diverted into ponds, ephemeral wetlands, rainwater collection catchments and flood control basins. Once it is in these areas the water is used by many people and animals, and these areas should not be considered a waste of water.

The drought may be over for most of Texas, and in the coming weeks the drought may be over for us on the Rolling Plains, but please keep in mind that it takes rain falling in exact areas to refill our water supplies. Though it may seem like we are receiving a lot (and in some areas too much) water, we should not back away from water conservation efforts. We may have a cool wet summer, but then again, we may not.

It is a long time until September.

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McDonalds

The homeless people of McDonalds.  Well, the homeless people of my routines. I see some of the same people at the library and the coffeehouse. As I mentioned in another post, when the library and coffee shop are closed on Sunday I sometimes spend hours in a McDonald’s studying.

They come in shifts. Once the shelter kicks some of them out for the day they show up scrubbed and clean. The  first shift comes in and some set up shop alone in a booth or on a stool and others sit together. Those on foot have a bag or two and those in cars and vans have only what they need to charge or use while inside. They are mostly quiet and respectful of others. The employee cleaning the dining room stops and talks to some of the regulars. I never see the loud ones more than a couple of Sundays.

The older man with the trilby and long still dark hair will bring his shave kit inside and when there are not many guests in the store, will slip into the bathroom to wash and shave. Back at his table he will brush his long hair out with a wood handled brush and drink his coffee while his phone charges. If I have a lot of studying to do I will see him leave and come back after dark. Last winter he carried a makeshift walking stick that looked more like a club, but I have not seen it this semester. 

Last income tax season there was a young guy staying in the shelter at night and spinning a sign for the tax place across the street. He had two cell phones. One which did not work and then his current one. He was one of those tragic figures who spent an hour telling his friend about the newest and greatest phone that did everything and was only $800 without a contract, and how if he had it, he would be set. He was telling his friend and any who would listen that he was about to make it. No, really make it big. Besides his DJ work, he was starting his own sign spinning business. Instead of working for the tax place he would contract out to them and several other places that really needed someone to spin signs and needed them to be spun right. I haven’t seen him since before the summer, so maybe he really did make it.

The old man living in the minivan could be mistaken for just another customer if you did not see him get out of his van and if he did not always wear rubber boots and did not carry his laptop in a old and stained insulated walmart grocery bag. He seems to make the rounds of town pretty well. I’ll see him in the library and then the coffeeshop across town. I don’t want to pry, but I am curious about where he parks at night. I have read a bit about living in van (research for when I move to Lubbock) and many people hop from Walmart to Walmart since many welcome overnight parking. Some other van dwellers pick residential streets near houses to avoid the scrutiny of cops. They’ll roll in just before bedtime and then leave before sunrise without moving around too much in the van. Some others get permission to stay at construction sites as a make shift free security service. I would like to ask this particular man about his strategy, but I do not want to pry.

Some of the people work for Labor Ready off and on. Labor Ready is a temp agency which markets on low end labor jobs. They pay every day. It is the more legal form of stopping outside of Home Depot to pick up some help to dig a ditch. I worked for them some in the late 90s. Back then you would have to be at the office by at least 5:30 or earlier, as that the jobs were first come-first serve unless someone was looking for a certain type of skilled worker. The office was a open hall with a dispatcher behind a desk, the smell of bad coffee and rows of chairs. Sleepy men would come in and sit and talk or sleep, waiting for a job. Yesterday you might have swept out a new building, today you might work 12 hours in a cold storage warehouse unloading 80 lbs sacks of peanuts, tomorrow you might spend four hours cleaning out a muddy ditch. Most jobs paid $5.15 a hour. If you did not have the required hard hat, or steel toed boots, the office would rent you a hard hat and rubber boots for $5.00. At the end of the day you would trudge back into the office with your signed time sheet and the dispatcher would print a check for your $35 or perhaps $50 if it was a really long day. Those were the good days. The bad days you spent the gas getting over to the office and wasted half a day waiting for a job that never came. If you were lucky, or at least less unlucky, the bad days were spread out enough so that you could swing by the plasma center to sell plasma.

A couple of homeless men I knew back then would camp in the alley behind the Labor Ready office since the shelter did not allow drinking, and they would rather sleep outside in January than be preached at about their vices. The dispatcher would try to pair them with me on jobs since I had a truck. So we spent the winter of 97 working together. They would save up some money and get a motel room at the cheapest, gas valves for sink faucets, motel in the area for a few nights here and there. Last time I saw them they were going to hop a train for Arizona.

Today, I do not know how it is at Labor Ready. I suspect it is still enough to keep a cell phone on and to buy a coffee and a couple of $1 chicken sandwiches at McDonalds on Sunday while you wait until the office is open again on Monday.

Change

 We awoke with frost on our backpacks. As we brought the fire back to life our hands shook from the cold. We were both either 11 or 12 and I think it was our first winter camping trip without adults. There was not a budget for store bought kit back then. Our supplies consisted of school backpacks, ragged blankets, and the odd bit of army surplus gear. Next to the fire sat a 10 inch cast iron skillet I had been foolish enough to carry. The night before I spent nearly an entire box of matches getting the fire going. Our last match encouraged me to get it right. We spread out one blanket to lie on and used a couple others for cover. During the night we huddled under the same blankets trying to stay warm while listening to the wind and coyotes and the coals. I remember watching the stars disappearing as the front rolled in.

That morning the clouds were racing overhead. It made me dizzy to look at them for very long. We had nearly packed up camp when we first heard the noise.
 kar-r-r-r- o-o-o
Neither of us knew what it could be. kar-r-r-r- o-o-o  and trumpeting and rattling and almost clinking. We both moved to the west, trying to find the source of the sound. Through a barbed wire fence, over the railroad tracks and through a few more fences we went.
kar-r-r-r- o-o-o
 It seemed the faster we moved the faster the sound moved before us. It was always just beyond the next line of trees or over the next rise. After a while the sound was all around us.
 
kar-r-r-r- o-o-o
kar-r-r-r- o-o-o
kar-r-r-r- o-o-o
 I couldn’t see any tracks. The clouds still raced overhead and we were both a little uneasy. At the Mountains of Madness had kept me up a few weeks before and the story was fresh on my mind and on my arms as goosebumps.
 kar-r-r-r- o-o-o

Suddenly there was a break in the clouds and wherever there was a hole we could see the sky was filled with sandhill cranes. Hundreds, perhaps even thousands, of cranes going south.

kar-r-r-r- o-o-o.

I remember laughing at the wonder of it all. We walked back to camp both feeling a bit more knowledgeable than before; our uneasiness and ignorance had been forgotten in our victory of discovery. I’ve seen a lot of migrating cranes and geese since, but I’m not sure I have ever seen as many or been as filled with wonder as that cold morning. It was just another experience that bonded us as friends, made us brothers.

I sometimes wonder if he still remembers that morning.

sandhill-1

Story Fragment #1

At 75 I was alone. My wife was dead. My brothers were dead. After retiring from work either all my friends were dead or had drifted away; it happens when you leave a culture. So I went back to school. Majored in trying not to be lonely. I would take a science class or a geography class; last semester I even took a women’s studies class just to be a letch.

I enjoyed everything about it. The campus, the bustle, the learning that I would never use, the excitement and vitality of youth that surrounded me. I was still lonely, but not quite so alone. These kids are no different than the kids when I was young. More toys, more stuff, but the same basic dreams and hopes and angsts and all that you feel when you are feeling for the first time.

I’m still here, but things are starting to change. I forget I’m old. I don’t see my wrinkled face more than once a day and I forget not everyone’s knuckles are torn and bent and scarred. So many of the kids look a lot like kids I went to school with 60 years ago. Sometimes I forget that they are not those friends until I get close and see that they don’t look exactly like them. I know my doctor said to expect my memory to go more and more as things take hold, but it is still eerie.

In the mornings, I park on the far side of the campus and spend the time before class walking around the campus searching for memories that won’t surface anymore. Sometimes I remove my glasses and walk around in my nearsighted and myopic haze. It removes those slight differences between these kids and my friends. As long as I’m careful to not call out to them, I can walk with my schoolmates.